lkse&'kfu dks iwoZ] lkse&xq# dks vfXu dks.k] xq# dks nf{k.k] jfo&'kqØ dks uS_ZR; vkSj if'pe] eaxy dks ok;O;] mÙkj dks cqèk] 'kqØ dks bZ'kku dks.k esa ¼okj½ fn'kk 'kwy gksus ds dkj.k ;k=k u djsaA

dky&jkgq dk okl % 'kfuokj dks iwoZ] 'kqØokj dks vfXu dks.k] xq#okj dks nf{k.k] cqèkokj dks uS_ZR;] eaxy dks if'pe] lkseokj dks ok;O;] jfookj dks mÙkj fn'kk esa dky&jkgq dk okl jgrk gSA lEeq[k ¼;k=k dh fn'kk esa½ dky&jkgq us"V gSA vr% ftl okj dks ;k=k dh fn'kk esa dky&jkgq dk okl gks] mls R;kx nsaA

u{k= 'kwy % iwoZ esa T;s"Bk] iwokZ"kk<+k] mÙkjk"kk<+k] nf{k.k esa fo'kk[kk] Jo.k] iwokZHkkæin] if'pe esa jksfg.kh] iq";] ewy] mÙkj esa iwokZQkYxquh] mÙkjkQkYxquh] gLr] fo'kk[kk u{k= 'kwy gSaA ;k=k dh fn'kk ds 'kwy u{k=ksa esa dHkh ;k=k u djsaA nf{k.k fn'kk dh ;k=k esa iapd u{k=] ?kfu"Bk] 'krfHk"kk] iwokZHkkæin] mÙkjkHkkæin] jsorh oftZr gSaA

paæ fn'kk % ;k=k esa paæek lEeq[k ;k nkfgus fn'kk esa 'kqHk gksrk gSA ihNs gksus ls e`R;q vkSj ck;ha vksj gksus ls gkfu gksrh gSA paæek dh fn'kk mldh rkRdkfyd jkf'k ls tkuh tkrh gSA ;Fkk %

es"k flag èkuq iwjc pankA
nfD[ku dU;k o`"k pdjankAA
if'pe dqaHk rqyk;s feFkqukA
mÙkj ddZV o`f'pd ehukAA

vFkkZr~] es"k] flag vkSj èkuq jkf'k dk paæek iwoZ esa] o`"k] dU;k vkSj edj jkf'k dk nf{k.k esa] feFkqu] rqyk vkSj dqaHk jkf'k dk if'pe esa rFkk ddZ] o`f'pd vkSj ehu jkf'k dk paæek mÙkj esa jgrk gSA

'kqHk paæ % tUe jkf'k ls 1] 3] 6] 7] 10] 11 oha jkf'k dk paæ Hkh 'kqHk gksrk gSA

'kqHk frfFk % Hkækfn nks"k jfgr 2] 3] 5] 7] 10] 11] 13 rFkk d`".k i{k dh çfrinkA

'kqHk u{k= % vf'ouh] e`xf'kjk] iquoZlq] iq";] gLr] vuqjkèkk] Jo.k] èkfu"Bk] jsorh u{k= 'kqHk gSaA

loZfnd xeu u{k= % vf'ouh] iq";] vuqjkèkk] gLr 'kqHk gSaA

'kqHk gksjk % paæ] cqèk] xq# ,oa 'kqØ dk gksjk 'kqHk gSA

;ksfxuh okl dh frfFk;ka % 1] 6 dks iwoZ] 3] 11 dks vfXu dks.k 5] 13 dks nf{k.k] 4] 12 dks uS_ZR;] 6] 14 dks if'pe] 7] 15 dks ok;O;] 2] 10 dks mÙkj] 8] 30 dks bZ'kku esa ;ksfxuh dk okl jgrk gSA ;k=k esa lEeq[k rFkk nkfguh fn'kk dh ;ksfxuh v'kqHk gSA ck;sa vkSj ihNs dh ;ksfxuh 'kqHk gksrh gSA 

le; 'kwy % m"kk dky esa iwoZ] xksèkwfy esa if'pe] vèkZ jkf= esa mÙkj vkSj eè;kà dky esa nf{k.k dks ugha tkuk pkfg,A

'kqHk rkjk % tUe u{k= ls fnu rd fxuus ij tks la[;k vkos] mls 9 ls Hkkx nsus ij 'ks"k 1] 2] 4] 6] 8] 0 gks] rks 'kqHk gSA

nksgn % ;k=k djuk cgqr vko';d gS vkSj u{k=] frfFk] okj dk nks"k gks] rks mldk ifjgkj ns jgs gSaA inkFkZ [kk dj] ;fn [kkus ;ksX; u gks] rks ns[k dj] ;k Li'kZ dj ds] vFkok Lej.k dj ds ;k=k djus ls nks"k 'kkar gksxkA bls nksgn dgrs gSaA

u{k= nksgn % vf'ouh&v[kaM mM+n] Hkj.kh&fry vkSj pkoy] d`frdk&mM+n] jksfg.kh&xk; ds nwèk dh ngh] e`x'kh"kZ&xk; dk ?kh] vkækZ&xk; dk nwèk] iquoZlq&gfj.k dk ekal] iq";&gfj.k dk jDr] v'ys"kk&xk; ds nwèk esa pkoy dh [khj] e?kk&pk"k i{kh dk ekal] iwokZQkYxquh&e`x i{kh dk ekal] mÙkjkQkYxquh&[kjxks'k dk ekal] gLr&lkB fnu esa rS;kj gksus okyk pkoy] fp«kk&ddquh] Lokrh&viwi ¼vukjl½] fo'kk[kk&vusd çdkj ds i{kh] vuqjkèkk&mÙke Qy] T;s"Bk&dNqos dk ekal] ewy&lkfjdk dk ekal] iwokZ"kk<+k&xksèkk dk ekal] mÙkjk"kk<+k&'kY; i{kh dk ekal] Jo.k&f[kpM+h] vfHkftr~&gfo";kUu] èkfu"Bk&ewax dk yM~Mw] 'krfHk"kk&;o dk filku] iwokZHkkæin&eNyh] Hkkr] mÙkjkHkkæin&;o] fry] pkoy dks cdjh ds nwèk esa idk dj] cdjh ds dku ds jDr ls yky dj ds [kkuk] jsorh&ngh] HkkrA

fnx~ nksgn % iwoZ esa ?kh] nf{k.k esa fry vkSj Hkkr] if'pe esa eRL;] mÙkj esa nwèk [kk dj] ;k ns[k dj] ;k Lej.k djus ls nks"k u gksxkA

okj nksgn % jfo&Jh[kaM] lkse&pkoy dh [khj] eaxy&dkath] cqèk&phuh fefJr byk;ph lfgr nwèk] xq#&ngh] 'kqØ&;o vkSj 'kfuokj dks mM+n [kk dj tkus ls fnD'kwy dk nks"k 'kfer gks tkrk gSA

frfFk nksgn %  
1- :bZ dk iÙkk] 2- pkoy èkqyk gqvk ikuh] 3- ?kh] 4- ;okxq ¼vafcy½] 5- ewax] 6- Lo.kZ ls èkqyk ikuh] 7- viwi] 8- cht okyk Qy] 9- ty] 10- xksew=] 11- ;o dk lÙkw ] 12- [khj] 13- xqM+] 14- jDr ¼#fèkj½] 15- ;k 30- ewax dh f[kpM+hA çfr 'kqØ] çfr cqèk] çfr eaxy dk nks"k fnx~ nksgu ls] fnD'kwykfn dk okj nksgu ls] ;ksfxuh dk nks"k frfFk nksgn ls 'kkar gksxkA

paæ fopkj % tUe jkf'k ;k uke jkf'k ls b"V fnu dh paæ jkf'k i;±r fxuus ij tks la[;k gks] mlh dks paæek tkuuk pkfg,] ftldk Qy bl çdkj gS %

1- 'kqHk] 2- eku&larqf"V] 3- èku çkfIr] 4- yM+kbZ ¼fdlh ls dgk&lquh½] 5- Kku o`f)] 6- èku&èkkU; dh çkfIr] 7- lEeku] 8- èku uk'k] 9- èkeZ ykHk] 10- flf)] 11- t; ykHk vkSj 12- uqdlkuA

;k=k] xzke rFkk x`g ços'k] ;k fdlh dk;Zo'k xzke rFkk x`g ls ckgj tkrs le; tks inkFkZ lEeq[k vk;s] mlls 'kdqu&vi'kdqu dk fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA ;g dk;Z dh lQyrk] foQyrk dk lwpd gSA çk;% mlh ls fuf'pr Qy fu.kZ; gks tkrk gS] tks oSKkfud cqf) ls ijs dh pht gSA

ihB dh Nhad dq'kyrk dk lans'k] ck;ha vksj dh Nhad ls dk;Z esa lQyrk] lkeus dh Nhad ls dyg] nkfguh vksj dh Nhad ls èku uk'k vkSj Åij dh Nhad thr djkus okyh crk;h x;h gSA

'kqHk 'kdqu % Qy] vUu] eNyh] xk;] czkã.k lewg] ngh] dU;k] dey] iq"i] oL=] eèkqj ok.kh] os';k] cdjh] eksj] cktk] ekal] ty ls Hkjk ?kM+k] Å[k] çTTofyr vfXu] eaxy xku dk lqukbZ iM+uk] larku ds lkFk L=h] jkt fpà] pej] N=] jksnu jfgr 'ko ;k=k] eèkqj ,oa osn 'kkL= ds 'kCnksa dk dkuksa esa tkukA

fo'ks"k % ;|fi [kkyh ?kM+k ns[kuk vi'kdqu gS] fQj Hkh og ;fn vius ls ihNs gks] ;k ty Hkjus ds fy, dksbZ ys tk jgk gks] rks 'kqHk gSA blh çdkj xèks dk 'kCn Hkh vius ls ck;ha vksj 'kqHk gSA vi'kCn] >xM+k] fdlh dk fxjuk vi'kdqu gSaA

vi'kdqu fuokj.k % lHkh çdkj ls fnu 'kqf)] yXu 'kqf) vkfn jgrs gq, Hkh dk;kZjaHk esa vi'kdqu gqvk] rks dk;Z fcxM+rk gSA vr% fuokj.k dh tkudkjh t:jh gSA ,d ckj] nks ckj] rhu ckj vkSj pkj ckj vi'kdqu gksus ij vkB çk.kk;ke dj dk;kZjaHk djsaA pkj ckj vi'kdqu gksus ij og dk;Z djsa gh ugha] oukZ fuf'pr cqjk Qy gksrk gSA vi'kdqu ds ckn Hkh eu esa mRlkg jgs] rks og lcls cM+k 'kdqu gS] ftlls dqN fo?uksa ds gksus ij Hkh] dk;kZjaHk dj ds lQyrk feyrh gSA ßfufeÙk 'kdqukfnH;% çèkkuks fg eukst;%ßA

fnlk'kwy ys tkvks ck;sa ]jkgq tksfxuh iwBA
lEeq[k ysos paæek] ykoS yNeh ywVAA